N. Javadian; Gh. Karimzadeh; M. Sharifi; A. Moeini; Zh. Tahsili
Abstract
Linum album Kotschy ex Boiss. is one of the endemic species of Linaceace family in Iran, having podophyllotoxin (PTOX) metabolite. This substance is a pharmaceutically important natural product belonging to the lignans group. It is used as a precursor for the synthesis of important anti-cancer drugs. ...
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Linum album Kotschy ex Boiss. is one of the endemic species of Linaceace family in Iran, having podophyllotoxin (PTOX) metabolite. This substance is a pharmaceutically important natural product belonging to the lignans group. It is used as a precursor for the synthesis of important anti-cancer drugs. Industrial production of this component is not economically feasible because of its complex chemical structure. Therefore, various strategies have been used to increase the production of PTOX in plants. In this study, tetraploidy was induced in nodal segments with different concentrations of oryzalin (0, 15, 25, 50 µM) for 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The results indicated that the viability and the number of produced shoots in each nodal segment were reduced by increasing concentrations and times of oryzalin. Tetraploid plants were identified by flow cytometry, and 2C DNA content of diploids and tetraploids were estimated to be 4.34 and 8.36 pg, respectively. The highest induction efficiency percentage (19%) of tetraploidy was achieved from 25 µM of oryzalin for 48 h. Tetraploid induction caused 1.66 and 1.48 fold-increase in PTOX content in the leaves and stems of tetraploids compared with those of diploids, respectively. The results of this study indicated that the induction of tetraploidy could be an effective technique to increase this valuable metabolite in Linum album.
M. Afshar Mohammadian; F. Tashakori; M. Sharifi
Abstract
Linum album Ky. ex Boiss., one of the endemic species in Iran, produces lignans such as podophyllotoxin (PTOX). This compound is precursor for three important anticancer drugs including etoposide, teniposide and etopophose. Chemical synthesis of these compounds is very complicated and this process is ...
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Linum album Ky. ex Boiss., one of the endemic species in Iran, produces lignans such as podophyllotoxin (PTOX). This compound is precursor for three important anticancer drugs including etoposide, teniposide and etopophose. Chemical synthesis of these compounds is very complicated and this process is not economical. Improvementof PTOX production is possible by different strategies such as feeding, elicitation, genetic engineering, etc. Medium optimization is one of the strategies for increasing the production of secondary metabolites in cell culture. Regarding the remarkable value of PTOX as a precursor for three important anticancer drugs, in this study, the effect of different ratios of NH4+/NO3- in MS medium on cell growth and some of the of secondary metabolites including PTOX biosynthesis and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity were investigated. Results indicated that the cell growth was significantly increased when treated with 2:1 ratio of NO3/NH4+. The most phenolic and flavonoid content was obtained in control culture, having minimum biomass production. The 2:1 ratio of NH4+/NO3- resulted in highest production of flavonols. The highest production of PTOX was achieved by 3:1 ratio of NH4+/NO3-. Meanwhile, the highest PAL activity was observed in 2:1 and 3:1 ratio of NO3/NH4+ and 3:1 ratio of NH4+/NO3-, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that changing nutrient diet is an effective factor increasing the secondary metabolites in L. album.
F. Raouf Fard; M. Sharifi; R. Omidbaigi; F. Sefidkon; M. Behmanesh; N. Ahmadi
Abstract
The effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJa) upon Agastache foeniculum [Pursh] Kuntze was investigated in aspects of enzymatic activities of phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) and 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL), total phenolic content and total protein. The experiments were carried out based on a completely randomized ...
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The effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJa) upon Agastache foeniculum [Pursh] Kuntze was investigated in aspects of enzymatic activities of phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) and 4-coumarate:CoA ligase (4CL), total phenolic content and total protein. The experiments were carried out based on a completely randomized design under a hydroponic system. The plants were subjected to different concentrations of MeJa (0, 0.1 and 1 mM). The PAL activity significantly increased in plants treated with 1 mM MeJa for 24 h compared with 0.1mM MeJa and control. In addition, 4CL activity also significantly increased at 24 h after 1mM MeJa treatment compared with 0.1mM MeJa treatment and control. However, MeJa treatments did not have any significant effect on total phenolic compounds after 8, 12 or 24 h of treatment compared with controls of those times. Total protein content significantly increased with 1 or 0.1 mM MeJa treatments after 24h of treatment compared with control plants.
M. Ghannadnia; R. Haddad; F. Zarinkamar; M. Sharifi
Abstract
In this study, limonene synthase (Ls) gene expression was investigated with SQ-RT-PCR method in organs and also during some developmental stages of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) native to Iran. After culture and sampling of roots, shoots and leaves (one stage of each) and flowers (four stages of developmental ...
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In this study, limonene synthase (Ls) gene expression was investigated with SQ-RT-PCR method in organs and also during some developmental stages of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) native to Iran. After culture and sampling of roots, shoots and leaves (one stage of each) and flowers (four stages of developmental phases), results revealed that this gene was expressed in very small (<2mm) and small (3-4mm) flowers in size and shoot vegetative tissue, while it was not expressed in roots, leaves, medium (4-5mm) and larger flowers. Maximum gene expression of limonene synthase was observed in shoot, very small and small flowers, respectively. During developmental stages of the flowers, LS gene expression was highest in the youngest stage, but this was gradually declined and ceased at later developmental stages. Results revealed that this gene was expressed during different growth and developmental phases from two leaves to flowering of intact plants, with an increase during generative phase that confirmed synchronize gene expression on both vegetative and reproductive organs. Partial sequencing of limonene synthase gene revealed that cumin is 58%-64% identical to that of some other plants. Anatomical studies indicated that essential oil ducts were located on the fruit tissue. The overall results of the present research showed high expression of LS gene in young reproductive organs, while the high level of expression in shoot vegetative tissue and during whole period of plant life cycle was a remarkable point.
M. Pouresmail; M. Sharifi
Volume 19, Issue 2 , August 2003, , Pages 183-193
Abstract
Bunium persicum is an umbellifer with dormant seeds that is not cultivated in Iran. Since, the seeds of Bunium persicum have pharmacotical effects, termination of dormancy in these seeds is important. The study of phenology of Bunium persicum showed that the seeds germinated in spiring and required exposure ...
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Bunium persicum is an umbellifer with dormant seeds that is not cultivated in Iran. Since, the seeds of Bunium persicum have pharmacotical effects, termination of dormancy in these seeds is important. The study of phenology of Bunium persicum showed that the seeds germinated in spiring and required exposure to cold temperature before germination. Also ,previous studies showed that some concentration of plant growth regulators overcome seed dormancy in this plant . In this research ,effect of cold stratification with or whitout above plant growth regulators in dormancy breaking of these seeds was investigated. In this work effect of stratification on dormancy breaking and induction of germination and combined effect(s) of hormonal treatments and stratification on breakage of seed dormancy were determined . To identify effect of stratification on seed dormancy ,the seeds stored for 0,1, 2 ,3 , 4, 6 , 8 or 10 weeks at 4°C in refrigerator and then transfer to favorable conditions for germination,and to study of combination effects of hormonal treatments and stratification , the seeds that exposed to 4°C for 4 weeks were subjected to kinetin, or benzyladenine(0 or 10 –5 mM ). Results showed that stratification is require for dormancy breaking in Bunium persicum seeds and increasing the duration of stratification increased germination . Also, combining stratification and benzyladenine promoted germination .
